Which of the following is generally excluded from standard commercial property coverage?

Intangible property is generally excluded from standard commercial property coverage because this type of coverage is designed to protect physical assets and tangible goods. Intangible property includes items such as intellectual property, patents, and trademarks, which do not have a physical form and therefore cannot be insured in the same way tangible property can. Standard commercial property insurance typically covers losses related to physical property like buildings, inventory, and equipment, but does not extend to non-physical assets.

On the other hand, losses from fire, theft, and vandalism are typically covered under standard commercial property policies, as they pertain to damages or losses of physical property. Thus, while these types of losses can significantly impact a business's operations, intangible assets do not fall under the scope of standard commercial property coverage. This distinction clarifies why intangible property is not included in these policies.